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Academic writing in English

Lund University

PhD-Then

A doctoral thesis or a PhD dissertation, as it is sometimes called, has a special function in the academic community. This written text, typically to pages (Swales 2004, p. 102), acts as a kind of scientifically qualifying work by which the author is admitted to the Society of Academics, which as a partial nature of similarities in terms of expert knowledge, Skills, critical thinking, rigor and scientific values.

Two main types of PhD theses

Strictly speaking, there are two main types of doctoral students: The Monograf format and the Artic compilation format . The monograph, which can be considered a traditional type, is written as a coherent, synoptic text, while the item of article creation (sometimes referred to as multiple manuscript work or anthology) has a number of published / releasable papers, which are put together in a coherent whole , Often with certain introductory and final chapters (Swales 2004).

With regard to their dissemination and use, the format of the article compilation format is predominantly adopted in hardening science and engineering, but also in some disciplines in the social sciences and the humanities. The monograph format is probably most commonly used in the soft science. Overall, however, there is a lot of variation when it comes to the preferred format in different disciplines.

Thesis Structures

When it comes to the structure of a doctoral thesis, of course, there is a lot of variation that goes through different disciplines, but a format is at least at the point that they are traditionally dominating: a blown version of the IMRD format is often used in research articles. Click on the link below to display this traditional format.

A traditional structure of Doctornherds (click Expand / Contract)

Introduction

↓

Literary test / survey

↓

Methods (Materials / Method)

↓

Results

↓

Discussion

↓

Conclusions (implications / recommendations)

Swales (2004, p. 107)

However, as has been proved by Swales (2004), the above traditional structure may not be the most commonly used. He argues, for example, that there is a problem with the traditional structure that it is problematic to have only a single chapter that deals with the results. This is still "," produces "an unwieldy and pretty monster chapter in the middle of the text" (p. 108).

An alternative structure for a doctoral thesis is similar to the aforementioned article compilation format. This format is apparently more popular in science and engineering disciplines. Click the link below to display an example of this disc format.

A complex (article compilation) Structure of doctoral students of doctoral students (click extension / contract)

Introduction (definitions, justification, goals)

↓

Bibliography (sometimes included in the introduction)

↓

(general methods) (optional)

↓

IMRD

↓

IMRD

↓

.

IMRD

↓

Conclusions

< P> Swales (2004, p. 108)

A third structure, allegedly mainly used in the spiritual and social sciences, but also other disciplines (Swales 2004) is referred to as themed-based thesis.According to Bunton, in these types of theses authors "report and discuss their analyzes in several chapters (range from three to seven) with topic-specific titles" (1998, p. 110). Click the link below to get a schematic overview of the topic-specific structure.

A themed-based structure of DOKTORNHORFEN (click Expand / Contract)

Introduction

↓

(literature test)

↓

(theoretical frame)

↓

Method

↓

Topic: Analysis Discussion

↓

Topic: Analysis Discussion

↓

Topic: Analysis Discussion

↓

Conclusions

< P> Swales (2004, p. 109)

for further reading (click extension / contract)

A number of articles are available that discuss the structure of then and dissertations in depth, and propose the methods for effective dissertation letters. Here are a few examples:

• Paltridge, B. (2002). Thesis- and dissertation letter: An examination of published advice and actual practice. English for specific purposes, 21 (2), . [Access via Libbhub]

• Paltridge, B. (1997). Thesis and dissertation letter: Creating ESL students for research. English for specific purposes, 16 (1), 61-70. [Access via Libbhub]

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